Essay On Water Supply System - 771 Words

In a recent proposal the state of California has decided we need to take further action into protecting our water reliability. Officials are suggesting that we should spend $20-50 billion into creating a two new tunnels known as the California WaterFix system from the Sacramento River to the Delta pumping plants in the Southern Delta, with funding being allocated from both agricultural and urban users. Although there are some benefits from creating a new water project, it would have far more negative externalities when it comes to economical, environmental, and corrupt agribusinesses. To invest in a completely new water supply system is economically unreasonable. The total costs to build the tunnels could go over $20-50 billion,†¦show more content†¦The California Waterfix proponents often mention that building the new tunnels will be safer and more reliable towards the fisheries and the ocean outflows. However, the co-plan Bay Delta Conservation Plan is deceitful in its tru e intentions. By shifting the Sacramento River with the flow of fresh water, it would lead to an even greater rise in sea levels along with climate change. By focusing our investments into restructuring the current Delta levees with an increase in outflows and state of the art fish screens, it would preserve the endangered marine life. Also, there is an ongoing fear within Southern California residents with the topic of earthquakes, finding comfort with the â€Å"reliability† of the new Waterfix systems. In the case of the surrounding areas of the Delta, it’s almost impossible for the system to be completely protected against water breaks. Investing in new tunnels won’t change anything in how our system will put up against a natural disaster. The main audience that benefits from building the new Waterfix system are the agribusinesses and oil companies. In particular, the Kern County Water Agency, Metropolitan Water District, and the Westlands Water District are big proponents in building the tunnels for their own personal gain, even though they already receive plenty of water from the Bay Delta. Instead of paying directly for the regulation of the WaterFix tunnels, taxpayer money would subsidize water for privateShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Irrigation1033 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay discusses about the positive and negative effects of irrigation on crops or plants. Before irrigation, man satisfied his hunger by eating fruits from the forest and drinking water from natural streams. Slowly his demands grew and he felt the need of different types of food. He started cultivating, grew crops and he depended mainly on rainwater to water the crops, but nature did not favour him always. There was a need for irrigation and he started to use water from ponds, streams and riversRead MoreWater Degradation in the Pacific1545 Words   |  7 PagesGeography3 | MAJOR ESSAY ANDFIELD RESEARCHWater | Discuss four major causes of environmental degradation experienced in your community. Also discuss four major reasons why It’s very important for us to protect and conserve our environments.Use relevant examples and pictures in your essay write up. | | Fig. 1: A bar graph depicting the distribution of the world’s water. Source http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/graphics/earthwheredistribution.gif Water is a very precious earthly resource that must beRead MoreWater Shortage in Central California672 Words   |  3 Pages Central Valley Water Shortage 1. Fresno is a city located in central California, also known as San Joaquin Valley Famously knows for its grape field and green trees. Known for where the immigrants came to work, by picking grapes making little to know money. Every year I go back to visit my home town about twice a year, each time we get near the grape vine which is located between Fresno and Las Angeles. The first thing that is noticed byRead MoreThreats to Global Food Supplies Essay621 Words   |  3 Pagesthreats to global food supplies. Explain the problem, identity possible solutions, and assess the implications of implementing these solutions. Because of the increasing world population and the growth of the environmental problems such as global warming and acid rain, global food supplies meet great challenges to feed so many people especially those in economically richer areas wasting foods. A series of problems following food supply shortage like the competition of land, water and energy are alsoRead MoreHow The Soft Drink Industry1396 Words   |  6 Pages In this essay, I would like to discuss the structure and the development of the Soft Drink Industry and how it manages to stay alive and profitable, over the years. The reason why I chose this topic is because I wanted to study how the Soft Drink Industry operates from selling beverages to growing very successful. In this essay, my intentions are to inform the reader about the responsibilities a Soft Drink Industry must take to survive in the long run and also answer the questions that I have createdRead MoreThe Global Water Supply Is Essential For The Survival Of All Species1677 Words   |  7 PagesWater is the most important substances on Earth as it is essential for the survival of all species. Water covers seventy-six percent of our planet, and it is easy to think that it will always be plentiful (Girard). However, the way society misuse the substance makes freshwater start to become incredibly rare. The global water supply is becoming more of an issue every day. Water is a resource that much of the developed world takes for granted, but that many in the developing world struggles to findRead MoreEssay On Water Pipelines823 Words   |  4 Pagesplans seem to consider undersized infrastructure capable of delivering the projected water supply. The most apparent example of this assumption can be seen in the sizing of the pipelines intended to transport the water from the intakes to the intermediate forebay. With water velocities ranging around five feet per second for both pipelines, its safe to say this water velocity is to high for the sca le of these pipes. Water traveling that fast negatively effects equipment lifetime and is a major safetyRead MoreThe Flint Michigan Water Crisis1729 Words   |  7 Pagesno news. I have chosen three articles regarding the Flint Michigan water crisis to evaluate based on my criteria. One from CNN titled, â€Å"Water Crisis in Flint, Michigan, Draws Federal Investigation,† written by Greg Botelho, Sarah Jorgenson, Joseph Netto, which focuses on the investigation but also background into the crisis. The next article I have chosen an article from the New York Times (NYT). This article titled, â€Å"As Water Problems Grew, Officials Belittled Complaints From Flint.† From theRead MoreGlobal Sustainability and the Water Supply1566 Words   |  6 PagesThe increase of global urban population has become a critical issue that the world is facing; as the world population continuously increases, the need for natural resources (Land, water, energy and food) also increases. Howe ver, natural resources are known to be finite. Which is why sustainability has become a major concept during recent times. Based on the US Environmental Protection Agency (ND), Sustainability is based on a simple principle: â€Å"Everything that we need for our survival and well-beingRead MoreEssay1027 Words   |  5 Pagesoutlets show the contrast in accessibility to water, the cleanliness of water supply, and the political influence in water quality to both populations. In 2000, an outbreak involving dangerous strains of E. coli pathogenic bacteria invaded the water supply of Walkerton, Ontario. Since this incident, the Canadian government has invested millions of dollars to increase urban community’s water safety. As stated from the CBC network, the City of Toronto tests water for over 300 chemical contaminants every

Distinguish Between Management And Leadership - 2189 Words

Distinguish between management and leadership giving relevant examples. Leadership is known as the skill of leading a group of people and inspiring them towards a direction. It is an interpersonal process which involves influencing a person or a group, so as to ensure achievement of objectives, willingly and enthusiastically. (keydifferences.com) key characteristic of leadership are; ï‚ · Vision: A leader knows where they stand, where they want to go, and would involve the team in the charting of a future path and direction. ï‚ · Honesty amp; Integrity: Leaders have people who believe them and walk by their side down the path they wish to tread. ï‚ · Inspiration: Leaders are usually inspirational and help their team understand their role†¦show more content†¦Leadership and management work hand in hand. However, the main difference between leadership and management includes; ï‚ · Leadership is a virtue of leading people through encouraging them while Management is a process of managing the activities of the organization. ï‚ · Leadership requires trust of followers on his leader. Unlike Management, which needs control of manager over its subordinates. ï‚ · Leadership is a skill of influencing others while Management is the quality of the ruling. ï‚ · Leadership demands foresightedness of leader, but Management has a short range vision. ï‚ · In leadership, principles and guidelines are established, whereas, in the case of management, policies and procedures are implemented. ï‚ · Leadership is Proactive. Conversely, management is reactive in nature. ï‚ · Leadership brings change. On the other hand, Management brings stability. B) Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence to project management (your discussion should clearly include at least THREE benefits of emotional intelligence to the management process and THREE ways in which lack of emotional intelligence can hider performance on a project). Emotional Intelligence is particularly significant for anyone who strives to be an effective leader and project manager. At times interpersonal relationships do make a difference. People areShow MoreRelatedManagement and Leadership1549 Words   |  7 PagesMANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP Defining Leadership Leadership Defined ‘Leadership is at its best when its vision is strategic, the voice persuasive and the results tangible.   In the study of leadership, an exact definition is not essential but guiding concepts are needed’.   Useem1    Definition of Leadership    Establishing a single definition of leadership has its challenges: * Leadership has many contexts: from political, military, business, sports and culture, right through every levelRead MoreJob Descriptions1311 Words   |  6 Pagesor electing a competent chairperson, and recognizing/rewarding committee accomplishments. 3. Name the steps in the personnel management process. How does each step relate to the other steps? They are staffing, human resource planning, and auditing human resources. Each step is responsible for the success or failure of the next step. 4. Distinguish between job description and job specification. Job description is a written statement of all the duties and responsibilities to be performedRead MoreManagement And Leadership Essay example859 Words   |  4 PagesManagement and Leadership Management and leadership, two words that are considered synonymous and are often used in the same context, yet they do not mean the same thing and they describe two different concepts. According to the dictionary, management is 1) The act, manner or practice of managing; handling, supervision, or control; 2) The person or persons who control or direct a business or other enterprise; 3) Skill in managing; executive ability; where as leadership is 1) The position or officeRead MoreRelationship Between The Terms Leadership And Management825 Words   |  4 PagesThe relationship between the terms leadership and management in an aviation point of view can be very vague. To begin with, the term leadership can stand for a variety of significations, there are many definitions as to what leadership could mean and various literature defining the concept. Incidentally, when looking at it in context, leadership sets one’s sight on the fact that it is mainly individuals, who are leaders that guides a group or an organisation, which is regarded collectively . It canRead MoreHow Do We Change This?. Recruitment. Within The Area Of1423 Words   |  6 PagesHow Do We Change This? Recruitment Within the area of recruitment, we will be developing a global leadership rotational program to create a talent pipeline program that reflects the global markets that we serve. This recruitment strategy will focus on filling our senior level roles and will help provide a highly qualified diverse pool of talent. The goal is to have all senior leaders graduate from the rotational program and we will organically have more knowledgeable and diverse senior leadersRead MoreLeadership and Management977 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and management are two notions that are often used interchangeably. However, these words actually describe two different concepts. The following report will discuss the differences and examine the roles and responsibilities of leaders in creating and maintaining a healthy organizational culture. What is leadership, and what is the difference between leadership and management? • Leadership is setting a new direction or vision for a group that they follow, i.e. a leader is the spearheadRead MoreWhat Characteristics Differentiate Effective From Ineffective Leaders? Essay750 Words   |  3 Pagesdifferentiate effective from ineffective leaders?’ One of their main focuses was on the distinction between trait-like and state-like individual differences, and how those correlate to effective leadership. Much of their research started with references to the ‘Great Man’ approach to leadership. The ‘Great Man’ approach is simply implying that there are traits that are heritable and they distinguish leaders from non-leaders. This would mean that leaders are born, not made. Hoffman et al. (2011) definedRead MoreStrategic Management Position For Hilton Resorts892 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsibility of senior leadership to strategically manage the organization. Strategic management is a continuous process rather than a one-time even t. Therefore, the senior leaders must become strategic thinkers and leaders of the organization and its culture, changing it as necessary (Wells, 1998). According to Fuller and Green (2016) leadership is critical to forming and implementing strategy and without it, good strategy does not happen. The first step toward strategic management is to develop a strategicRead More Management and Leadership Essays1070 Words   |  5 PagesManagement and Leadership Management and leadership are two words that are considered synonymous but describe two different concepts. According to the dictionary, management is the act, manner, or practice of managing; handling, supervision, or control; leadership is the capacity or ability to lead. In many organizations, management is a job description; leadership is a positive trait. The purpose of this paper is to distinguish between the two, to look at the responsibilities that come withRead MoreManagement Functions And Functions Of Management812 Words   |  4 Pageswhich include problem solving, facilitating meetings, and many other routine office tasks. Management is the process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals. Good managers do those things both effectively and efficiently. (Bateman Snell, 2004) However many of these tasks should not be duplicated by a group of individuals. Different people can take on parts of the management function. Someone on a team can take care of the planning, while another person does the

Odc Interventions free essay sample

Goals, Vision and Mission Boundaries Pattern of activities/administrative practices Assumptions, values and belief Culture Structure Organizational change consists of goal-oriented and to a degree, pre-planned actions, the final result of which can be, more or less, clearly formulated in advance. Van deer Violist What is planned change? Planned change is a conscious, deliberate and collaborative effort to improve the operation of a system -whether it be a self-system, a social system, or a cultural system -through the utilization of scientific knowledge. Bennie, Been Chin. Nuncios, deliberate and collaborative effort to improve the operation of human system through utilization of valid knowledge. Lippie Elements of Planned Change Outcome: goals, results, direction, improvement, renewal History: causes, need, motive, context Actors: External/lanterns Phases: steps, sequences Communication: interaction, cultural aspects Steering: monitoring, directing, guiding Taxonomy to Change Dire ctional Change: Occurs under conditions of severe competitions, regulatory shifts in government policy, and unsuccessful business strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Odc Interventions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fundamental Change: Redefinition of current purpose or mission. Operational Change: Improvement of quality, quantity, timeliness, unit cost of operations, in developing products and services. Total Change: Developing a new vision, achieving a turnaround; a drastic surgery of the existing system. Planned Change: Basically an operational change on a calculated basis as a response to internal and external demands e. G. Downsizing. Happened Change: Unpredictable. Occurs due to external causes over which one my have no control. Transformational Change: Change involving the entire or a greater part of the organization due to a severe threat to its survival. The threat may occur room industrial discontinuities, shifts in a products life cycle or internal change e. G. Union-management conflicts. Revolutionary Change: Abrupt changes in the organizations strategies and design. Recreation: Tearing down the old structure and building a new one. A metamorphosis -becoming not Just better but different. Strategic Change: Change of all or most of the organizations components. Anticipatory Change: Changes carried out in expectation of an event. In anticipation of such change, the organization may tune-in (incremental change) or re-orient itself. Reactive Change: Response to an event or series of events. Adaptive changes are limited t a sub-system or apart of the sub-system. Recreation can also be reactive but involves the whole organization. [Source: Management of Organizational Changeably K Hairgrips (Response Books)] External Factors of Change Political forces: Political environment is an important trigger for organizational change. Managers need to understand the political system of the country where they work. During the sass, an all-encompassing phase of globalization began throughout the world. Globalization in turn facilitated free markets. Governments began to withdraw their stake from the business enterprises. A number of countries De-regulated industries and thus created new opportunities for entrepreneurs. From regulators, the governments have become facilitators. As a result of new thrust given to free market and foreign direct investment, the companies have changed their strategies and they are growing by leaps and bounds. Certain developments in the international political scene such as the transition of the East-European nations to democracy and market economy, opening up of the economy of South-East Asia, the collapse of the erstwhile Soviet Union, the Unification of Germany, the Gulf War, the crisis in Yugoslavia etc. Eve had profound impact on economy and business thereby triggering organizational change in a number of companies. V Militant and S Rampancy in their seminal work Change Management (Response Books) mention that organizational change itself is a political process because it involves influencing, persuading, and negotiating with people in order to bring about a change i n their mental models. The manager tries to ensure the support of the key and influential individuals in the organization while implementing any intervention programmer. Economic forces: The uncertainty about future trends in the economy is a major cause to change. For example, titillating interest rates, declining productivity uncertainties arising from inflation or deflation, low capital investments, etc. Have significant impact on industrial organizations. Economic forces usually determine the direction an industrial organization takes. For instance, Informs has changed its strategy from being a profitability-driven organization to growth-oriented one due to economic slowdown in the USA from where they got maximum number of clients. According to a report published in Mint (New Delhi) on 29 July 2008, Informs new approach is a consequence of what is happening in the market in which it operates. Excerpts from the news item: By focusing on growth now, they (Informs) will be looking to add new customers as their existing clients are cagey about increasing their budgets further. Informs has said it will look to add new customers even as it expands its presence in businesses such as health care, pharmaceuticals, logistics, energy and utilities. Currently, much of its revenue comes from four major areas: financial services, telecommunications, manufacturing and retail. The company expects to grow revenue 6% in the three months to September as compared with the corresponding period in 2007. The emphasis on growth could mean a further dip in Informs operating profit margin, measured as operating profit (or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) expressed as a percentage of revenue. In the quarter ended June, the companys operating profit margin was 30. 4%, down 2 percentage points from the previous quarter in the wake of higher salaries and visa costs. Over the past two years, the companys operating profit margin has stayed in the 30-32% range. Informs push for growth reflects the new business reality in the software services business. Our existing customers are not growing and we need to mind new growth engines, Supranational said. As part of growth strategy, the company plans to add new customers and newer service lines such as learning services and offering software as a service (where companies pay not for the entire solution but for what they use) by investing in solutions and intellectual property. The company is focusing on newer geographies such as West Asia, India, Latin America and South Africa. Informs, which serves customers such as British Telecoms Ply. And Cummins Inc. , derives about 63% of its revenues from North America, 27% from Europe and about 10% from the rest of the world including India. We want to reduce our dependence on the US by growing operations in other geographies such as Europe and rest of the world, Supranational said, adding that the target revenue ratio from these three geographies for the company would be 40:40:20. He did not elaborate on the time it would take the company to achieve this revenue mix. Informs ended 2007-08 with revenue of Errs,692 core and a net profit of RSI,659 core. The company has issued a guidance of revenue up to Errs,622 core and earnings per share of up to Risks. 06 in 2008-09, a growth of 29. 5% and 24%, respectively. Shares of Informs closed flat at RSI ,538. Each on the Bombay Stock Exchange even as the exchanges benchmark Senses index closed marginally down at 14,349 points and the technology index ended marginally lower at 3,606. 81 points. In the past year, shares of Informs have touched a high of RSI,140 each and a low of RSI ,212 each. (Source: http://www. Livening. Com/ 29 July, 2008) Global Competition: Companies often change due to explicit or implicit pressure from their competitors who might have better technologies, better systems, better products, better brand image, better HER practices, better tearless service or better supply-chain. Moieties, the competitors might have advantages of being a first mover in the market or having a monopoly in raw material procurement (a captive mine for Steel companies, for example). When the competition is sharp-edged, the companies have no choice but to usher in necessary changes. Ionians strategic move to reengineering its Research and Development unit is a case in point as reported in Economic Times (New Delhi) on 6 August 2008. Excerpts from the news item: In a major strategy change, handset major Monika is re-engineering its research and development (R;D) model world-wide to tackle growing competition from unconventional sources of competition like Apples phone and Googles mobile phone platform Android. Taking a cue from companies like PG, Monika which till now largely carried out in-house innovation and RD, is looking at external collaborations for product innovation. Nearly 50% of its new innovations are expected to come from external sources, a fact which is expected to help the company cut RD costs significantly. It is expected to spare higher resources for product design and marketing, reduce time-to-market and improve return on investment (ROI), sources said. The Finnish giants move, which will be implemented throughout the company, is based on findings that breakthrough innovation sometimes originates from external sources. The company has also initiated a company-wide cultural change program, called Living it working to directly involve and expose employees to consumers The major change in the way Monika will now look at RD has been caused by a slew of reasons. Not only are consumer preferences changing faster than ever, competition is emerging from hitherto unknown quarters. Computerize Apple has swept the world with its phone, which now poses a huge halogen for Monika. Google, which started as a search engine, has now launched a mobile phone platform called Android and the first handsets from this initiative are expected in the second half of this year. (Source: The Economic Times, New Delhi, 6 August 2008) There are other illustrations of completion-led organizational change as well. Facing stiff competition from the American automobile majors, the Japanese automobile companies such as Toyota, Ionians and Mediumistic have been forced to relocate their manufacturing and assembly operations to South East Asia where the cost of labor is quite low. Simultaneously, they have established their plants all over Europe and America to get past the import restrictions. In this process, they have been able to retain their competitive edge in catering to the global automobile market. Technological forces: The world is characterized by the dramatic technological shifts. The technological advancements, particularly in information and communication technologies, have revolutionized the workplaces and have helped create new range of products and services. For example, a super communication system is on the anvil in which about 20 Japanese companies will Join a Motorola-led project to set up a atelier cellular telephone system that can be used anywhere on the earth. The partner companies include Sony, Mediumistic, Crockery, among others. The estimated cost of the project is IIS$ 132 million or 15 billion Yen. Globalization: Globalization meaner integration of capital market, labor market and commodity market. This integration has touched almost all the aspects of business lifestyle. Hence, globalization is a unique trigger to change present everywhere. Internal Factors of Change System dynamics: An organization is made up of sub-systems, similar to that of the sub-personalities in human brain. The sub-personalities in the brain are in constant interaction with each other creating changes in human behavior. Similarly, the sub- systems within an organization are in constant and dynamic interaction. The factors that influence the alignment and relationships are, for example, technology, internal politics, dominant groups, and formal and informal relationships within it. Inadequacy of administrative process: An organization functions through a set of procedures, rules, and regulations. With changing times and the revision of organizational goals and objectives, some of the existing rules, regulations and reoccurred could be at variance with the demands of reality. To continue with such functionally autonomous processes can lead organizational in-effectiveness. Realization of their inadequacy induces change in the organization. Individual/group expectations: The organization as an entity is a convergence f people, each one aiming to satisfy his/her needs and aspirations. In anthropological context, man is a social animal whose needs and desires keep changing. This creates differing expectations among individuals and groups as to the needs they intend to satisfy in the organizational context. Positive factors such as ones ambition, need to achieve, capabilities, career growth, and negative aspects such as fear, insecurities, frustrations, etc operate as complex inter-individual and inter-group processes inducing change in n organizations functioning and performance. Organization design and structure: Over the years, structure of a company might become redundant due to new technologies and paradigm shift in managerial practices. At times, structure becomes a stumbling block in retaining competitive edge because of cost as well as procedural issues. Such a situation invariably leads to structural changes in the organizations. Many companies have launched structural reforms in their endeavourer to remain at the top. Examples include: MOM, Data, Ford, Hounded etc. Skills of a Change Agent Any person who has the power and knowledge to make a difference, challenge the stereotypes and create prototypes can be termed as change agent. A change agent must possess the following: Knowledge of the business environmental (understanding); A value system and self-concept to support and under gird the actions of a change agent (motivation); Change agent abilities (skills). Change Agent Abilities: The following is a listing of change agent abilities compiled room numerous sources. Resilient Optimistic Tenacious Committed Passionate Patient Emotionally intelligent Assertive Persuasive Empathetic Authentic Ethical Self-Aware Competent Curious They can: Communicate ideas clearly, concisely, and precisely both orally and in writing Listen to others and incorporate their ideas and perspectives Accommodate individual differences (cultural, socioeconomic, global, etc. ) in your decisions and actions and be able to negotiate across these differences. Engage in se lf- assessment, self-reflection, and analysis Reflect on what is happening to make meaning, gain perspective and understanding Engage in civil discourse and debate Mediate and resolve conflicts Analyze power, structures of inequality, and social systems that govern individual and communal life Recognize the global implications of their actions Span boundaries Challenge the status quo effectively when appropriate Creatively and collaboratively solve problems using critical thinking skills; search for families of solutions for complex multi-faceted issues Collaborate, network What makes good change agents? When assessing potential candidates for roles as change agents, three questions need to be asked: Do they have the right attitude? Do they possess the appropriate knowledge? And do they have the necessary skills? Here is an exploration of each of these questions: The Right Attitude Change agents cannot succeed without great persistence. Change is a complex and labor-intensive process that arouses feelings and emotions. Angry people, frustrated teammates, conflicting priorities, unforeseen problems and behind-the-scene resistance are typical daily challenges. Project leaders or managers cannot lead names through these difficulties without determination and stamina. To avoid changes in leadership in the midst of change, change agents must be fully committed to see projects through to completion. A good way to ensure such commitment is to appoint ambitious and enthusiastic individuals who have potential for career advancement within the organization. They will look at the challenges as a career-development opportunity and will be highly motivated to succeed. These high potential employees will gain a broader understanding of the business, an extended network of relationships and stronger leadership skills. Attitude is one aspect of good hanged agents that is often overlooked. A person with relevant knowledge and skills but inappropriate attitude will not be able to contribute as much to the organization and the community. Moreover, the higher the skills and knowledge of a person, the greater damage they can do to the organization if their attitude is flawed. Change agents must be prepared to stand up for their projects, even if it meaner tactfully challenging powerful executives including the senior leadership. In many cases, implementation problems are due to the project sponsors or top management under-estimating the significance of their own duties. They are reluctant to commit the necessary resources; they sometimes send conflicting messages about the importance of change by failing to apply enough pressure to those who resist; or they alter priorities half-way through the change. Change agents must act as voices of conscience when any mid-course corrections are contemplated. It is the responsibility of change agents to make sure such issues get a complete airing in order to avoid the project ending in failure. One effective change agent summed up the attitude needed: My primary goal is to ensure this project succeeds, no matter what. My secondary objective is to preserve my personal relationship with all senior management. The best change agents are tactful and diplomatic. Political skills are necessary, not so change agents can Join in the game, but so they can better understand it. Change leaders must make their own Judgments and keep their own counsel. No one can do that for them. The Appropriate Knowledge Project sponsors should be seasoned change agents with a general understanding of the business. However, project managers should be subject-matter experts in their respective area of responsibility. Having someone with excellent project management kills is simply not enough. They will crash due to lack of detailed understanding of the subject area. Expertise also brings the credibility and respect needed to succeed in their role. Simply put, change agents better understand how a business works in particular, the business in which they are involved. This entails understanding money where it comes from, where it goes, how it goes and how to keep it. The Job also requires knowledge of markets and marketing, products and product development, customers, sales, selling, buying, hiring, firing and Just about every other aspect of the business. In addition to the relevant expertise, change agents also should be well-connected throughout the organization. Active relationships in all areas of the organization are important in communicating effectively with stakeholders, developing coalitions and designing a successful roll. The Necessary Skills The pressure on the project leadership can be tremendous. Change agents have to be able to operate during times of instability and uncertainty. They have to manage conflicting priorities, multiple constituencies and fast-approaching deadlines. They are responsible for guiding the organization through the numerous challenges of ruinations. Therefore, in order to survive, change agents must possess the ability to remain highly effective under intense pressure. In addition to being well organized and disciplined, change agents need strong analytical skills. Guessing wont do. Insight is nice, even useful and is sometimes mistaken for brilliance, but insight is often difficult to sell and almost impossible to defend. A rational, well-argued analysis can be ignored, but not successfully contested. Change agents must learn to take apart and reassemble operations and systems in novel ways, and then determine the financial and political impacts of what they have done. At the same time, good change agents must be flexible enough to work around roadblocks and handle evolving priorities. In short, a disciplined and yet flexible approach is needed to tackle the challenges of change. People skills team-building, forging strong interpersonal relationships and communicating within groups are mandatory tort good change agents. The challenge is to build the project team, putting the team members competencies to best use. To succeed, change agents must create a strong sense of identity, purpose and Joint-ownership, as well as a high-performing mindset. To manage resistance a natural part of the change process change agents must start by understanding and acknowledging the resistance. They need a lot of empathy, with good listening skills. Change agents must be able to put themselves in the shoes of people affected by the change. Resistance is most damaging when it remains unnoticed. It usually occurs when the feelings and concerns of employees are ignored or when they feel change is forced upon them. In order to avoid resistance or the risk of hidden resistance, change agents must learn to listen to the voice of employees and involve them in decisions whenever possible. During the change, communication is the glue that keeps the organization together and moving toward the desired goal. Change agents need to be able to communicate effectively at all levels and across all organization boundaries. Choosing a Good Leader for a Change Change is never easy and the failure rate can be high. Top management must take a hard look at the candidates for change agent positions. If none of the in-company candidates closely match requirements of the Job, then a search outside the company is required. And, once an organization finds the right individual to be its hanged agent for a project, management has one more commitment to make assuring the change agent has between 50 and 100 percent of their work time available to dedicate to the success of the initiative. Resistance to Change People like Comfort Zone Stability Predictability Familiarity Conventions Status quo People do not like Change Risk Instability Uncertainty Both these factors have an impact on how people react to any change programmer at a workplace. More precisely, why people resist change? Fear of Unknown Fear of Failure Disagreement on need for change Losing something of value False beliefs/Misunderstanding Lack of Trust Personals TTY Conflicts Peer pressure Loss of status/Job Phases of Organizational Change Organizational change causes individuals to experience a reaction process comprising four phases: Initial Denial: Employees feel that change is not at all required in the company. Resistance: Employees try to prevent the implementation of change programmer Gradual Exploration: Employees try to explore their role in the new scheme of things and start cooperating with the management Eventual Commitment: Employees commit themselves to new way of doing things. Resistance is a natural and normal response to change because it involves going from known to unknown. Conceptual Framework of Resistance to Change Perception-cognition-Affect-Resistance Perception: Employees try to perceive the impact of change at this stage. The force or resistance is directly proportionate to the perceived impact of change on an individual. Cognition: During organizational change, individuals create their own interpretations of what is going to happen, how they themselves are perceived, and what others are thinking or intending. Generally, people have a tendency to develop negative self-schema about themselves and their life events (organizational change, for example). This results in cognitive distortions as they are not able to remain objective in the cognitive process. In case of any change programmer, the employees construct irrational ideas as part of cognition. Affect: Affective processes are usually personalized as emotions and feelings that are related to actions. Emotions in the context of organizational change can be described as a state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, ejective feelings, cognitive appraisals, which can be either conscious or unconscious, rational or rational. Psychologists have identified a number of primary emotions experienced by individuals universally such as fear, anger, sadness, Joy surprise, disgust, contempt, etc. Organizational change generally leads to feelings of anger, denial, loss and frustration. Individuals experience loss and grief when established ways of doing a Job are changed. Changes and losses role identity can lead to feeling of anger, sadness, anxiety and low self-esteem. Resistance: At this stage, the employees display physical actions that can be seen and heard. Moreover, it also includes mental process which cannot be seen or heard. So the employees may oppose, argue, obstruct, stall, dismantle and undermine a change effort. At the same time, they may withdraw, avoid or ignore the change efforts. How the companies respond to change Failure of many corporate change programmer is often directly attributed to employee resistance.

Performance-Based Pay Essay Example

Performance-Based Pay Paper Essay on Performance-Based Pay Organizations pay salaries to their employees based on the type of services rendered. Salary levels rise system is one of the most critical elements in strategic human resource management. This is primarily due to the role played by rewards and compensation system in determining employee productivity. Rewarding the employee on the basis of his productivity or performance generates enthusiasm and interest within the employee to perform better. Moreover, this approach tends to increase the level of motivation encouraging him to perform better. An intrinsic part of rewards and compensation strategy is performance management that seeks excellence and high quality work from the work force. The study highlights various theories in relation to performance related pay and associated human resource strategy. The discussion provides an insight into essential features of performance related pay such as motivation, performance management, appraisals, feedback, and learning that play a vital role in creating effective performance related pay strategies. It also identifies some practical problems faced by managers and strategic alternatives that can effectively meet these challenges. What is performance related pay? Performance related pay is the financial compensation paid to an employee based on his work performance. It translates to rewarding employees for effective performance. Bruno Frey (2002) observes in his book Successful Management by Motivation â€Å"Variable performance related pay has become an increasingly popular form of compensation. The key to performance related pay is that compensation is adjusted to reflect an employee’s individual performance. † This form of compensation is similar to rewards system adopted by organizations to motivate their work force and extract higher quality work. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance-Based Pay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Performance-Based Pay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Performance-Based Pay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Performance related pay has been practiced by a large number of organizations since the inception of trade and commerce. The system has now evolved to include identification of measurable parameters while assessing performance, use of positive reinforcement and feedback mechanism to instill confidence within employees, and ongoing training development sessions to equip the workforce to meet operational challenges. Theoretical bases of performance related pay Rewarding an employee with financial compensation is a form of motivation that is intended to increase productivity and encourage others within the organization to strive harder to reach the specified performance targets. Motivation has been defined as the â€Å"driving force that determines the direction and strength of goal-oriented behaviors† (Preker, 2007; pg 240). Performance based pay schemes have failed in many instances to motivate the employees to the desired level of performance. Many explanations have been given for this failure and it is to some extent attributed to the amount of compensation in lieu of the hard work and the management fairness during performance appraisals. Vroom’s expectancy theory and the Adam’s equity theory provide explanation to the fundamental problems faced during the process of deciding the level of compensation. Pros and Cons of Performance-Based Pay Advantages The first and most important advantage to performance-based pay is that this type of pay is a fantastic motivator. Simply for a worker to get more money, which is the case in nearly every job, he needs to work harder. This pay system is great for retaining key talent the organization has and getting unmotivated individuals to improve productivity. For a sales person, performance- based pay motivates you too sell your product, since it is the only way that you are going to get paid. There is also a feeling of accomplishment when you get your income, its like a reflection of all the hard work you have put in the month or week. Another advantage to performance-based pay that I think is rather important is that amount of freedom that they might get, (depending where they work). For example, a salesperson would be interacting with customers, he wouldn’t be tied down to a strict schedule or be stuck behind a desk all day. Its also good as you can plan your day around personal appointments, like the dentist or your daughter’s piano recital. Another great advantage for an organization that offers a performance- based pay scheme would be that it is attractive to workers who are higher skilled than their co workers in the same category of work. For example, if I am an extremely experienced and educated sales rep, and I know I’m better than most people at the job, I want to work in a place that will recognize my talents and will also be reflected in my pay. So the organization will have access to a wider range of more educated and experienced workforce. This is extremely useful for an organization, especially in the current economic climate. Disadvantage of performance-based pay A disadvantage of performance-based pay that would contradict my previous advantage would be that motivation isn’t just as simple as money = happiness! Too little money will demotivate but more money will not necessarily increase satisfaction or monivation. (Herzberg) Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs model of motivation has 5 levels of motivation. 1.physiological 2. Safety 3. Social 4. Self esteem 5. Self actualization. In the there are many other motivators than just financial incentives, like need to belong to a group, to make friends, to work towards job security and to work towards bettering yourself and your career. Once your basic needs are satisfied, other factors start to become more important. A contrasting view of this would be that, in early careers, some people find themselves working an insane amount of hours, and with a performance- based pay, there may not be a limit to the hours you can work, as you can spend a big amount of time building up a client list. Also if you have a certain sales goal to meet or making up for lost time at that dentist or the piano recital, you can sometimes find yourself working through the weekends or even very late into the evenings. In line with this, another disadvantage would be the financial instability. Your wage or salary cannot be sure. This would increase the tension of the employee. A good way to battle the tension or anxiety caused by performance- based pay would be to have some savings set aside for a rainy day or an emergency or if your performance hasn’t been up to par. This isn’t a great solution but it’s a way to help A disadvantage that I though went together in relation to my previous advantage (employees) is that employees that are working on the basis of performance- based pay, may only be inclined to actually do what is measured in their performance appraisal. For example, an employee who picks orders for customers in a warehouse for a wholesalers might have a daily goal or picking up to 14% of the orders placed in a day. He may have achieved that goal, but in the process of just meeting the target, he has caused long-term setbacks but ignoring tasks involved in the company, like restocking the shelves, which is not ideal for an organization. Another disadvantage to do with the employees is that this type of pay scheme can cause a split amongst employees. If some employees are not being rewarded as equal it can cause other employees to feel under appreciated or even start to have some resentment towards the employee who is getting the better rewards. This error can occur easily enough as not every single aspect of the job can be monitored. It can be prevented by putting strict and clear stipulations in place for the system.

King Edward VIII Abdicated for Love

King Edward VIII Abdicated for Love King Edward VIII did something that monarchs do not have the luxury of doing -   he fell in love. King Edward was in love with Mrs. Wallis Simpson, not only an American but also a married woman already once divorced. However, in order to marry the woman he loved, King Edward was willing to give up the British throne -   and he did, on December 10, 1936. To some, this was the love story of the century. To others, it was a scandal that threatened to weaken the monarchy. In reality, the story of King Edward VIII and Mrs. Wallis Simpson never fulfilled either of these notions; instead, the story is about a prince who wanted to be like everyone else. Prince Edward Growing Up: The Struggle Between Royal and Common King Edward VIII was born Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David on June 23, 1894, to the Duke and Duchess of York (the future King George V and Queen Mary). His brother Albert was born a year and a half later, soon followed by a sister, Mary, in April 1897. Three more brothers followed: Harry in 1900, George in 1902, and John in 1905 (died at age 14 from epilepsy). Though his parents surely loved Edward, he thought of them as cold and distant. Edwards father was very strict which caused Edward to fear every call to his fathers library since it usually meant punishment. In May 1907, Edward, only 12  years old, was shipped off to the Naval College at Osborne. He was at first teased because of his royal identity but soon garnered acceptance because of his attempt to be treated like any other cadet. After Osborne, Edward continued on to Dartmouth in May 1909. Though Dartmouth was also strict, Edwards stay there was less harsh. During the night of May 6, 1910, King Edward VII, Edwards grandfather who had been outwardly loving to Edward, passed away. Thus, Edwards father became king and Edward became the heir to the throne. In 1911, Edward became the twentieth Prince of Wales. Besides having to learn some Welsh phrases, Edward was to wear a particular costume for the ceremony. [W]hen a tailor appeared to measure me for a fantastic costume . . . of white satin breeches and a mantle and surcoat of purple velvet edged with ermine, I decided things had gone too far. . . . [W]hat would my Navy friends say if they saw me in this preposterous rig? 1 Though it is surely a natural feeling of teenagers to want to fit in, this feeling continued to grow in the prince. Prince Edward began to deplore being set on a pedestal or worshipped - anything that treated him as a person requiring homage.2 As Prince Edward later wrote in his memoirs: And if my association with the village boys at Sandringham and the cadets of the Naval Colleges had done anything for me, it was to make me desperately anxious to be treated exactly like any other boy of my age. 3 World War I In August 1914, when Europe became embroiled in World War I, Prince Edward asked for a commission. The request was granted and Edward was soon posted to the 1st Battalion of the Grenadier Guards. The prince. however, was soon to learn that he was not going to be sent to battle. Prince Edward, extremely disappointed, went to argue his case with Lord Kitchener, the Secretary of State for War. In his argument, Prince Edward told Kitchener that he had four younger brothers who could become heir to the throne if he were killed in battle. While the prince had given a good argument, Kitchener stated that it was not Edward being killed that prevented him from being sent into battle, but rather, the possibility of the enemy taking the prince as prisoner.4 Though posted far from any battle (he was given a position with Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force, Sir John French), the prince did witness some of the horrors of the war. And while  he wasnt fighting on the front, Prince Edward won the respect of the common soldier for wanting to be there. Edward Likes Married Women Prince Edward was a very good-looking man. He had blonde hair and blue eyes and a boyish look on his face that lasted his entire life. Yet, for some reason, Prince Edward preferred married women. In 1918, Prince Edward met Mrs. Winifred (Freda), Dudley Ward. Despite the fact that they  were about the same age (23), Freda had been married for five years when they met. For 16 years, Freda was Prince Edwards mistress. Edward also had a long-time relationship with Viscountess Thelma Furness. On January 10, 1931, Lady Furness hosted a party at her country house, Burrough Court, where, in addition to Prince Edward, Mrs. Wallis Simpson and her husband Ernest Simpson were invited. It was at this party the two first met. Prince Edward was soon to be infatuated with Mrs. Simpson; however, she didnt make a big impression on Edward at their first meeting. Mrs. Wallis Simpson Becomes Edwards Only Mistress Four months later, Edward and Mrs. Wallis Simpson met again and seven months after that the prince had dinner over at the Simpsons house (staying until 4 a.m.). And though Wallis was a frequent guest of Prince Edwards for the next two years, she was not yet the only woman in Edwards life. In January 1934, Thelma Furness made a trip to the United States, entrusting Prince Edward to the care of Wallis in her absence. Upon Thelmas return, she found that she was no longer welcome in Prince Edwards life - even her phone calls were refused. Four months later, Mrs. Dudley Ward was similarly cut out of the princes life. Mrs. Wallis Simpson was then the princes single mistress. Who Was Mrs. Wallis Simpson? Mrs. Wallis Simpson has become an emotional figure in history. Along with this, many descriptions of her personality and motives for being with Edward have caused some extremely negative descriptions; the nicer ones range from witch to seductress. So who really was Mrs. Wallis Simpson? Mrs. Wallis Simpson was born Wallis Warfield on June 19, 1896, in Maryland, United States. Though Wallis came from a distinguished family in the United States, in the United Kingdom being an American was not highly regarded. Unfortunately, Walliss father died when she was only five months old and left no money;  thus his widow was forced to live off the charity given to her by her late husbands brother. As Wallis grew into a young woman, she was not necessarily considered pretty.5  However,  Wallis had a sense of style and pose that made her distinguished and attractive. She had radiant eyes, good complexion and fine, smooth black hair which she kept parted down the middle for most of her life. Wallis First and Second Marriages On November 8, 1916, Wallis Warfield married Lieutenant Earl Winfield (Win) Spencer, a pilot for the U.S. Navy. The marriage was reasonably good until the end of  World War I, as it was with  many ex-soldiers who became bitter at the inconclusiveness of the war and had difficulty adapting back to civilian life. After the armistice, Win began to drink heavily and also became abusive. Wallis eventually left Win and lived six years by herself in Washington. Win and Wallis werent yet divorced and when Win begged her to rejoin him, this time in China where he had been posted in 1922, she went. Things seemed to be working out until Win started drinking again. This time Wallis left him for good and sued for a divorce, which was granted in December 1927. In July 1928, only six months after her divorce, Wallis married Ernest Simpson, who worked in the family shipping business. After their marriage, they settled down in London. It was with her second husband that Wallis was invited to social parties and invited to Lady Furnesss house where she first met Prince Edward. Who Seduced Whom? While many blame Mrs. Wallis Simpson for seducing the prince, it seems rather more likely that she was herself seduced by the glamor and power of being close to the heir of Britains throne. At first, Wallis was just glad to have become included in the princes circle of friends. According to Wallis, it was in August 1934 that their relationship became more serious. During that month, the prince took a cruise on Lord Moynes yacht, the  Rosaura. Although both Simpsons were invited, Ernest Simpson could not accompany his wife on the cruise because of a business trip to the United States. It was on this cruise, Wallis stated, that she and the prince crossed the line that marks the indefinable boundary between friendship and love.6 Prince Edward became increasingly infatuated with Wallis. But did Wallis love Edward? Again, many people have said that she did not and that she was a calculating woman who either wanted to be a queen or who wanted money. It seems more probable that while  she was not infatuated with Edward, she loved him. Edward Becomes King At five minutes to midnight on January 20, 1936, King George V, Edwards father, passed away. Upon King George Vs death, Prince Edward became King Edward VIII. To many, Edwards grief over his fathers death seemed much greater than the grieving of his mother or his siblings. Though death affects people differently, Edwards grief might have been greater for his fathers death also signified his acquisition of the throne, complete with the responsibilities and eminence that he deplored. King Edward VIII didnt win many supporters at the beginning of his reign. His first act as the new king was to order the Sandringham clocks, which were always a half an hour fast, set to the correct time. This symbolized to many a king who was to deal with the trivial and who rejected his fathers work. Still, the government and the people of Great Britain had high hopes for King Edward. He had seen war, traveled the world, been to every part of the  British empire, seemed sincerely interested in social problems, and had a good memory. So what went wrong? Many things. First, Edward wanted to change many of the rules and become a modern monarch. Unfortunately, this caused Edward to distrust many of his advisors because he saw them as symbols and perpetrators of the old order. He dismissed many of them. Also, in an effort to reform and curb monetary excesses, he cut the salaries of many royal staff employees to an extreme degree. Employees became unhappy. The king also began to be late or cancel appointments and events at the last minute. State papers that were sent to him were not protected, some statesmen worried that German spies had access to these papers. At first, these papers were returned promptly, but soon it would be weeks before they were returned, some of which had obviously not even been looked at. Wallis Distracted the King One of the main reasons he was late or canceled events was because of Mrs. Wallis Simpson. His infatuation with her had grown so extreme that he was severely distracted from his State duties. Some thought she might be a German spy handing State papers over to the German government. The relationship between King Edward and Mrs. Wallis Simpson came to an impasse when the king received a letter from Alexander Hardinge, the kings private secretary, that warned him that the press would not remain silent much longer and that the government might resign en masse if this continued. King Edward was faced with three options: give up Wallis, keep Wallis and government would resign, or abdicate and give up the throne. Since King Edward had decided that he wanted to marry Mrs. Wallis Simpson (he told Walter Monckton that he had decided to marry her as early as 1934), he had little choice but to abdicate.7 King Edward VIII Abdicates Whatever her original motives, until the end, Mrs. Wallis Simpson didnt mean for the king to abdicate. Yet the day soon came when King Edward VIII was to sign the papers that would end his rule. At 10 a.m. on December 10, 1936, King Edward VIII, surrounded by his three surviving brothers, signed the six copies of the Instrument of Abdication: I, Edward the Eighth, of  Great Britain, Ireland, and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Emperor of India, do hereby declare My irrevocable determination to renounce the Throne for Myself and for My descendants, and My desire that effect should be given to this Instrument of Abdication immediately. 8 The Duke and Duchess of Windsor At the moment of King Edward VIIIs abdication, his brother Albert, the next in line for the throne, became King George VI  (Albert was the father of Queen Elizabeth II). On the same day as the abdication, King George VI bestowed upon Edward the family name of Windsor. Thus, Edward became the Duke of Windsor and when he married, Wallis became the Duchess of Windsor. Mrs. Wallis Simpson sued for a divorce from Ernest Simpson, which was granted, and Wallis and Edward married in a small ceremony on June 3, 1937. To Edwards great sorrow, he received a letter on the eve of his wedding from King George VI stating that by abdicating, Edward was no longer entitled to the title Royal Highness. But, out of generosity for Edward, King George was going to allow Edward the right to hold that title, but not his wife or any children. This greatly pained Edward for the rest of his life, for it, was a slight to his new wife. After the abdication, the Duke and Duchess were exiled from Great Britain. Although a number of years had not been established for the exile, many believed it would only last a few years; instead, it lasted their entire lives. Royal family members shunned the couple. The Duke and Duchess lived out most of their lives in France with the exception of a short term in the Bahamas as governor. Edward passed away on May 28, 1972, a month shy of his 78th birthday. Wallis lived for 14  more years, many of which were spent in bed, secluded from the world. She passed away on April 24, 1986, two months shy of 90. 1. Christopher Warwick,  Abdication  (London: Sidgwick Jackson, 1986) 29.2. Warwick,  Abdication  30.3. Warwick,  Abdication  30.4. Warwick,  Abdication  37.5. Paul Ziegler,  King Edward VIII: The Official Biography  (London: Collins, 1990) 224.6. Warwick,  Abdication  79.7. Ziegler,  King Edward  277.8. Warwick,  Abdication  118. Sources: Bloch, Michael (ed).  Wallis Edward: Letters 1931-1937.  London: Weidenfeld Nicolson, 1986. Warwick, Christopher.  Abdication. London: Sidgwick Jackson, 1986. Ziegler, Paul.  King Edward VIII: The Official Biography. London: Collins, 1990.

Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage Debate

Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage Debate Free Online Research Papers Gay pride! It is a statement that brings forth a very touchy argument in politics today. Of the many current issues in American politics today, one that seems to stay at the top of the list is the issue of same-sex marriage. Should same-sex marriages be legalized in the United States? Some say no, because it goes against tradition, religion, and much more, while others, gays and straights alike, believe yes, because it will bring equality to all. The answer to this question, however, if this country were to follow the ideals of those who walked before, should be â€Å"no.† It seems that as time goes on, however, Americans tend to drift farther and farther away from the ideals and morals that were held by its forefathers. Same-sex marriage should not be made legal because of what it stands for sin an immorality, goes against the Christian religion and the traditional marriage, and may lead to the acceptance of a lifestyle that is not culturally normal. The first British colonists who settled in America were Protestants and Puritans who were searching for religious freedom from the Church of England. It should be no surprise then, that the United States Constitution was put in place to protect this religious freedom. If the Constitution was set in place to protect all religions, why then would America try to pass a law that goes against at least one religion: Christianity? In the Christian religion, homosexuality is viewed as evil and sinful. The Bible says in I Corinthians 6:9-10, â€Å"Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor male prostitutes nor homosexual offenders nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God (The Bible, 1st Corinthians 6:9-10).† This nation is supposed to be â€Å"One nation, under God† but yet it seems some are fighting for a cause that goes completely against God and the Christian religion. The legalization of same-sex marriage will cause homosexuals to go further into the sinful lifestyle in which they already participate in. It will give gays an â€Å"incentive for them to remain trapped in a lie† (Rios par. 8). America must treat homosexuals with love and compassion in order to help them to overcome the gripping temptations of homosexuality. â€Å"Treat others as you wish to be treated.† This is the â€Å"golden rule† in which American children are taught in schools and churches. This pertains to the treatment of homosexuals as well. Without love and compassion, homosexuals will be unwilling to change their sinful ways. In the Declaration of Independence, it is stated that all people are created equal and have the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. In other words, everyone is free to live their life as they choose and desire, including homosexuals, however, â€Å"by insisting that the law create a counterfeit version of marriage, [homosexuals] are looking to use government power to force [their lifestyle] on everyone† (Rios par. 9). The media is one of the leading tools in the fight for the legalization of same-sex marriage. Dr. Mark Hartman states in his sermon, The Truth about Homosexuality, â€Å"The media has become obsessed with pushing the homosexual lifestyle to the front and center of our culture.† Television shows and movies are starting to contain homosexuality more and more. And, â€Å"In every case, the homosexual is depicted in a positive light, and anyone who disagrees with that lifestyle is depicted in a negative light† (Hartman 1). An example of this is the television show, Will and Grace. In this series, a gay man and a straight woman live together in perfect harmony. It portrays Will as a normal American citizen with a high-end job (lawyer). The only catch is that he is gay. America is able to sympathize and accept his lifestyle because he’s funny and charming. As far as Americans are concerned, he is just another human being. Media propaganda is being used as an effective tool to brainwash the public in sympathizing with and accepting homosexuality. The media is using a tactic of normality; the more America sees this â€Å"acceptable† view of homosexuality, the easier it is to accept it. This propaganda technique is being used so effectively with one sided figures that Americans fail to see the dark side of this lifestyle because it is practically nonexistent in the mainstream of media. Americans are not shown the gross, immoral sexual lives homosexuals actually live. We do not see the many diseases that transmitted by participation in such a lifestyle. Diseases such as AIDS, Herpes, Hepatitis, and many, many more are very common in the gay community. In 2004, an estimated 415,193 people were living with AIDS in the United States. Of that number, 77% were male and of that percentage, 58% were men who had sex with other men (Noble 1). Although mainstream media portrays homosexuals as all being talented, creative, smart, cute, sweet, and funny, this is not how all actually are. Not all gays dress and act as they are portrayed on television. In fact, gays are pretty, ugly, smart, unintelligent, well dressed, ill dressed, nice, rude, funny, unfunny, and hold jobs from high-end executives to auto shop mechanics. They are just like every other American in most aspects except for their sexual preference. Some homosexuals have kept their homosexuality hidden so well, not even their family and friends are aware of it. Another factor in the wide acceptance of the homosexual lifestyle is the mistaken belief that sexual orientation is determined at birth. In other words, people are born either homosexual or heterosexual, it is not a choice. Researchers said that they had found a gene pattern linked to male homosexuality in July of 1993. Principle Researcher, Dean Hamer, a homosexual himself as well as a homosexual political activist, stated, â€Å"This study shows that sexual orientation is powerfully influenced by inherited genes. This is the strongest evidence to date that there is an important genetic component to sexual orientation† (Hartman 3). Hamer’s article was given to the media who immediately provided quick and widespread coverage. Three years later, in 1996, Hamer’s co-author stated that Hamer â€Å"had selectively reported his data in ways that changed the conclusions of the study.† And later it was â€Å"admitted that no genetic link to homosexuality has been found after all† (Hartman 4). Many people have not heard this new news, however, because it was not as widely covered by the media as was the original statement that people are born homosexual. Gays wish to have legal same-sex marriage for more reasons than just having the intangible benefits of enjoying the official title and the social privilege. There are many legal privileges and tangible benefits that come with marriage which gays are unable to receive due to the Defense of Marriage Act, which was passed in 1996 (Wolfson 4). In this act, â€Å"the government catalogued more than 1,049 ways in which married people are accorded special status under law†¦that makes more than 1,049 ways in which lesbian and gay couples are ripped off† (Wolfson 4). In other words, without a marriage license, same-sex couples are denied many of the benefits that normal couples take for granted. Benefits such as: social security, retirement, health care, and child custody. â€Å"A surviving civil union partner can be denied about $10,000 a year in federal Social Security benefits† (Sauer 9). Next to the benefits derived from marriage, gays wish to gain the public titl e of marriage for personal reasons as well. Marriage†¦is a social statement, describing and defining one’s relationships and place in society. It is also a personal statement of commitment that receives public support and†¦has spiritual†¦ and familial significance (Wolfson 4). Gays want legal marriage in order to make their love public. Marriage is the way straight people talk of love and family (Wolfson 4). Gays want marriage for the same reason that straight people want to get married: for love and for commitment. The legalization of gay marriage can harm the traditional version of marriage. Same-sex marriage will cheapen the real thing by causing marriage itself to lose support in the law and culture (Rios par. 2). Marriage has already been weakened by the legalization of divorce. Marriage has been historically defined as a contractual unit binding a couple in a lifelong relationship of love, service, and devotion (Kohm 82). If same-sex marriages are made legal, the ethical views toward homosexuality will be weakened even further. It will cancel the traditional view of marriage as being a binding union between two people in which â€Å"each must be of a different sex from the other, one male and one female† (Kohm 83). Same-sex marriage will also destroy the normal family settings by creating motherless and fatherless households. â€Å"Studies have shown that children raised in married households have the best chance for health and happiness† (Rios par. 6). By legalizing same-sex marriage, America will unwillingly teach future generations that sexual immorality and impurity is acceptable and normal. By legalizing same-sex marriages, children will be taught, in schools, that homosexuality is normal and healthy, and may be placed in homosexual households (Rios par. 5). Society defines for its young what is normal and what is not (Gallagher 18). If children see same-sex couples, they will view that as a normal and acceptable lifestyle of relationships. Marriage is the â€Å"social and legal prominence [which] informs young lovers about the end toward which they aspire, the outward meaning of their most urgent, personal impulses† (Gallagher 19). It is almost as if Americans are becoming too lazy or scared to stick up for their beliefs so instead they are simply accepting the immorality so that they can just go on with their daily lives. It seems that America has taken on the new belief system of, â€Å"if it makes them happy and does not directly affect me, it is ok and I will vote in favor of it.† On the flipside, however, it seems that Americans may be getting off of their couches in order to make their opinions heard. In 2000, 61% of Californians voted against same-sex marriage (Rios par. 10) and recent polls have shown that â€Å"Americans are beginning to wake up and realize that what they thought was a campaign of tolerance toward homosexuals is, in reality, a concerted effort to force them through government, media and corporate power to celebrate homosexuality† (Rios par. 11). When asked if same-sex marriage should be made legal in the United States 61% adults under the age of 30 said yes and 35% s aid no; among adults 65 and older, 18% said yes and 73% said no (Hertzberg par. 6). This shows how Americans really feel about the issue of same-sex marriage: for the most part they disagree. It seems that America may be realizing that the legalization of same-sex marriage is not the answer. The reasons against the legalization of same-sex marriage far outweigh the reasons for it. The legalization of same-sex marriage may bring equality to the homosexual division in a country that has always been more kind to the heterosexual front, but it will forever change the morals and ideals that this country has fought to protect. It does seem, however, that this argument may be coming to a decisive end. Hopefully, America is coming to its senses to put a stop to this argument, and to say â€Å"no† to the legalization of same-sex marriage. Same-sex marriages can not be made legal because it stands for immorality and sin, will lead to the destruction of the traditional institution of marriage, goes against the Christian religion, and will cause the American society to overtime accept the immorality of homosexuality as normal and just. Bible, New International Version, The. 1973. Colorado Springs, CO: International Bible Society, 1984. International Bible Society. 2005. 17 Oct 2005. . Gallagher, Maggie. Normal Marriage: Two Views. Marriage and Same-Sex Unions: A Debate. By Lynn D. Wardle, et al. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. 13-21. NetLibrary. 2005. OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. 14 Oct 2005 . Hartman, Mark. The Truth About Homosexuality. Sugar Creek Baptist Church. Worship Center, Sugar Land, TX. 30 June 2005. Hertzberg, Hendrick. Comment: Wedding Blitz. New Yorker 15 Mar 2004: 80.4: 61-62. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Blinn College. 23 Oct 2005 . Kohm, Lynne Marie. Marriage by Design. Marriage and Same-Sex Unions: A Debate. By Lynn D. Wardle, et al. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. 81-85. NetLibrary. 2005. OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. 14 Oct 2005 . Noble, Rob. United States HIV AIDS Statistics Summary. AVERT.org. 23 Nov. 2005. AVERT. 26 Nov. 2005 . Rios, Sandy. How Does Gay Marriage Hurt the Traditional Thing? Lets Count the Ways. Hispanic Mar 2004: 17.3: 70. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Blinn College. 23 Oct 2005 . Sauer, Rachel. MarriedBut Not. Palm Beach Post 7 Mar 2004: 1D+. SIRS Researcher. Proquest. Blinn College. 23 Oct 2005 . Wolfson, Evan. All Together Now. Marriage and Same-Sex Unions: A Debate. By Lynn D. Wardle, et al. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. 3-5. NetLibrary. 2005. OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. 14 Oct 2005 . Research Papers on Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage DebateComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeCapital PunishmentQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtBringing Democracy to AfricaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Governments talk about regulating the Internet and taxing Ecommerce Essay

Governments talk about regulating the Internet and taxing Ecommerce. a) what problems might governments encounter in regulating the internet b) what dif - Essay Example Going by current practices, "regulation [has] largely confined itself to the physical boundaries of the regulating state" (Thierer & Crews). The Internet however, makes physical boundaries irrelevant. Legal boundaries determining the rights and obligations of users and questions of jurisdiction in cases of violation of country specific laws all remain contentious issues. If User A in Country A, were to commit an illegal act over the internet terminating in Country B, who would have jurisdiction to prosecute User A What would be the status if the said illegal act were not to be illegal in Country A Since the Internet is global, are the regulations global too Internet regulations therefore would have to keep many such considerations in mind. Any one country cannot possibly hope to legislate on behalf of the entire world, given the ubiquitous nature of the internet. Similarly, questions arise as to whether separate regulations for the Internet are required at all, or whether rules and r egulations already existing and applicable to the 'physical world' would suffice. Given the globalized nature of international trade, many of the issues of jurisdiction have already been addressed by trans-national laws.

People in Jails with Mental Illness Research Paper

People in Jails with Mental Illness - Research Paper Example The methodology for this paper will be dependent upon a processed based approach. According to Lechner, â€Å"Process research deals primarily with the actions that lead to and support strategy†. Through examining how actions lead to strategy, the nature of the research is concerned with the micro level, â€Å"the behavior of individuals, groups, or other actors within the organization†. Process based research is founded on six guiding principles: ï‚Ÿ embeddedness (studying processes across a number levels of analysis) ï‚Ÿ temporal interconnectedness (studying processes in the past present and future) ï‚Ÿ explaining context and action ï‚Ÿ searching for holistic rather than linear explanations ï‚Ÿ linking analysis to the location ï‚Ÿ balancing scientific distance and empirical closeness While not all research will embody all of these aspects, in searching for the truths about the proposed topic, the information will be discussed using these concepts. Research Questions The following questions will be used to frame the topic of research: 1. How many people in the Miami-Dade County Jail are mentally ill? 2. What services are provided in the Miami-Dade County Jail program? 3. What is the police procedure concerning citizens who have broken the law but appear to be suffering from a mental illness? 4. What is the legal criteria to determine if someone is afforded mental illness care within the Miami-Dade County Jail system? Through secondary research, the Miami-Dade County Jail system will be assessed and reviewed in relationship to the research questions. Miami-Dade County Corrections and Rehabilitation Department The most recent statistics, from June 11, 2011, show that there are 6,218 inmates in the Miami-Dade County Corrections and Rehabilitation Department. Of those inmates, 5,743 are male and 475 are female. The largest percentage of the population are between the age of 18 and 34, representing 3,603 of the inmates. Of the inmates, 4,226 are there for felony charges with 4,455 of those inmates are at the partial sentence portion of their process. Miami-Dade County, at least by present statistics, seems to be primarily defined by male inmates who are still waiting for the full measure of their punishment to be sentenced. Mentally Ill Citizens in Prison In 2004, an undertaking was given to the grand jury to determine the state of the jail system in regard to mental illness. The task was taken up by the district attorney’s office to investigate the state of mental illness as it has been experienced within

Networking Concepts Essay Example for Free

Networking Concepts Essay Benefit of network Network: Network is very popular common word now. It is a collection of computers, printers, and other electronic devices which is linked by cables or wireless devices; it can make a situation for them to communicate with each other. For the welfare of network individuals are able to share and exchange information (files and programs), access common services (email and applications), and share hardware (printers, servers, image scanners, and fax machines). picture of LAN/MAN/WAN network The Name of Network LAN (Local Area Network: It is a small geographical area (Room, Building or a Campus) of networking MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): If network in a city than it is called MAN. WAN (Wide Area Network): If network spread geographically (Country of across Globe) than it is called WAN. Advantage of network: It offers a wide range of advantages. It help to transferee filesAA one computer to another, centralized printers, centralized information (an intranet web server, for example). For it programs can be run off a server, so updating means updating a single program, not one on each computer (which can be a nightmare if there are a few hundred computers), centralized data backup Disadvantage of network: To drive up network . there are many equipment needed which is much cost. Virtual Private Networking Service: Virtual Private Networking Service is failure for a secure network connection which can be taken on top of a public network, such as the Internet or Education Wireless Integrated Network. For the help of it Internet’s  infrastructure can move secured data to and from the campus network. It play an indispensable role    off-campus students and staff to access the Universitys online resources in the home computer,  through their ISP (Internet Service Providers) like Signet, Star Hub, etc. using dial-up or broadband service. We can also get the facility of Universitys  e-services or computing facilities that are not made available on  the Internet or WWW (World-Wide Web In this case we can do Laboratorys UNIX servers, network printers, file shares, personal web storage folders, etc for the help of network. Picture of Virtual private networ VPN on NTUwireless: There are also some risks in wireless network. So in this case to keep our privacy on NTUwireless, our campus wireless network, we can  use  this VPN service to dial-out of NTUwireless – as like as we normally use VPN on the Internet to access NTU network. To connect wired  network to the campus, VPN connection is not necessary. This service is not turned on for  the wired network. VPN client behind the corporate firewall: Most organizations and universities  have some form of firewall implementations on their  Internet gateway to except for Signet, Star hub or the overseas ISP If there is a firewall in your organization, you  should use SSL VPN to connect. or, If you want to connect NTU with Microsoft VPN, the organization’s Firewall  requires PPTP traffic  via TCP port 1723 ;amp; GRE protocol to  pass through the  Firewall. Network Installations: networking of a communications system through to planning, designing, installing and maintaining the system. (Picture of network installation Connect Systems work is able to provide the best computer network design and specification, meeting both present and ongoing requirements to each client and is closely with each client. We offer a wide number of benefit to all client . These include recommend, supply and install all the necessary hardware and software for your network installations, as well as we offer tuning and support system . To provide a total data and voice transport system including help and advice with the design and fitting of client’s computer rooms a structured wiring can be installed. The necessary thing or installation: Windows Vista/2003/XP * Cyrix Presentation Server ;amp; Access Essentials * Internet, Firewall and VPN connectivity solutions including Cisco PIX, Symantec Enterprise Firewall installation and configuration * E-mail products including Exchange, Lotus Notes and Outlook, Mobile email via Blackberry and Windows mobile devices * Back-up software including Arc serve and Backup Exec * An ti-virus solutions including Trend Micro * Content Checking technology such as Minesweeper and Super Scout * Supply and configuration of server and PC hardware. Operating system of network: Net work operating system: It is an operating system which has components and programs to allow a computer on a network to serve request from other computer in term of data providing access to other resources such as printer and file systems Some steps of simple file and print sharing: Content 1. File Sharing Basics 2. Naming Computers 3. Install File and Print Sharing 4. Disable Simple Sharing 5. Disable Firewalls and Other Software 6. Create User Accounts 7. Sharing the Folder 8. How to Check Which Folders are Shared 9. Mapping a Network Drive 10. How to Remove File Sharing 11. Sharing Printers with Others on Your Network 12. Troubleshooting File and Print Sharing Install file and print sharing: Our task is to go into your Network contractions under the Local Area Connection Properties window, and need check whether S the General tab is included or not. We can use the following items for this connection. Or the Components are checked by this connection section, we can check that File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks can list we have to be aware about that the checkbox is checked. If it is listed, the computer is already configured for file sharing; click Cancel. If it is not listed, then Click Install button. Click on Service. Click Add. What we need for instillation: . Click OK. We might need your Windows install CD and if the computer asks to restart, click yes. We can use the following operating system: We can use the following operating system: 1. JUNOS. Used in routers and switches from Juniper Networks. Cisco JOS (formerly ‘Cisco Internet work Operating System’) is a NOM having a focus on the internetworking capabilities of network device. It is used on Cisco System router and some network switches. 2.

Solutions to Problems with the No Child Left Behind Act :: Teaching Education Essays Schools

The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA) deals with student achievement standards by holding schools accountable for the achievement of their students (Implementation 11). The NCLBA uses standardized tests to chart the success of students. If students are not meeting standards, the school is required to offer tutoring, which is funded by the state with Title I, the education mandate passed in which granted all public schools access to federal grants, money (No Subject 7). The Act itself is not the problem; the problem is that the Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) standard which is a big part of the NCLBA is not being met. The AYP standard is not being met because schools are not changing their methods quickly enough. It was said in the NCLBA that schools nationwide were to have 100% proficiency of the AYP standard within 12 years (Implementation 9). Since the passing of the NCLBA in 2001, most public schools, nationwide have not improved at all. Solutions There are a number of ways that this problem can be solved. To start, teachers could have to have higher credentials, thus giving them a better understanding of the subject areas in which they teach, and giving the students more and better sources (Facts). Right now teachers are only required to have a bachelor’s degree and be certified to teach, have a teaching certificate. Also, schools could require a minimum amount of studying per week for each student (Implementation 8). As of now, the only schools that require a certain amount of study time are private schools. In each class, there is scheduled time each day/week set aside for studying. Basically, it is a study hall. A lot of schools have study halls already set in place, but, for example, Aransas Pass High School is one of the many schools across the nation which do not enforce studying during that time (Crenshaw). There is one very obvious, but extremely flawed solution to this problem. Schools need to change their curriculums and start focusing more on the

Don Giovanni

Mr. Warren Don Giovanni After watching the Don Giovanni play ill conclude that Don Giovanni is not guilty in the rape of Donna Anna. She accused him of the rape, but there is no full evidence that she got raped. She apparently said that she got raped after the fact her dad was killed. Just because he killed The Commendatore doesn’t mean that he is guilty of the rape. The first piece of evidence disputing the rape claim is that Donna Anna simply needs an alibi because she is scared she will lose her husband because she was seduced by another man.Don Giovanni has a long history of getting with a ton of different women with relative ease. Donna Anna has some sketchy stories in her initial story about the assault. The initial incident that took place was not seen by anybody at all. Donna Anna also has a fiance, and had she been caught up in a cheating scandal her lift might be ruined. The evidence supports a reasonable doubt that could be determined by the story and ways of Don Gi ovanni. The second piece of evidence disproving Donna Anna’s claim of the rape by Don Giovanna is the town’s bias towards Don Giovanni.He has a personality that people are not very fond of. For example, hooking up with a lot of girls and treating him the way he does. People will assume that Don Giovanni is really guilty before looking at the facts. Knowing this, Don Giovanni is not guilty just because of what people think of him. Don Giovanni is not guilty of rape just because of the person he carries himself with. More evidence that supports Don Giovanni being innocent is the fact that the servants weren’t around when the assault happened but all the sudden appeared after the murder of Donna Anna’s father.If Donna Anna was being raped, why wasn’t she screaming and fighting during the assault by Don Giovanni. If she was screaming during the rape, the servants would have come and helped her. The servants are a key piece of evidence in proving the in nocence of Don Giovanni. The fourth piece of evidence that supports Don Giovanni being innocent is his black book filled with women he has gotten with. Don Giovanni is a ladies man who has an extensive history if seducing women with ease. He has a whole book of women whom he has had sexual relations with.It’s not a bad thing that he is able to seduce women with relative ease because that makes his case for himself. Getting with a lot of women isn’t a crime, and shouldn’t be something that can be used as credible evidence in order to bring a rape conviction down on Don Giovanni. The next piece of evidence supporting Don Giovanni’s innocence from the rape claim is the fact that Donna Anna wanted Don to be dead and wanted to wait an entire year before moving into marriage. Had she really been raped, why would she need a full year to get over his death? With Don Giovanni dead, she had time to get over him before committing to the marriage.The final piece of e vidence that supports Don Giovanni being innocent of the sexual assault accusation is the fact that there were no witnesses. A woman of that degree would have people around who could help her if she was really being raped. But, there were no witnesses or servants around during her time of need. In order for Don Giovanni to be charged and convicted, there has to be witnesses who are able to give supporting details on Donna Anna being raped. With there no being any witnesses who saw the sexual assault, there cannot be a prosecution to convict Don Giovanni. Now people are going to talk about Don Giovanni going to hell.This argument is not valid because Dog Giovanni did kill The Commendatore and that could be a reason for going to hell. Claiming the Don Giovanni went to hell for the sexual assault is a shocking thing to say, considering the other evil deeds he participated. Using this counterargument, he is not responsible because one cannot simply say this or that directly sent Don Gio vanni to hell. The next counterargument is that people might say Donna Anna did get raped. But, why was she screaming coming out from the opening scene? If she actually was raped by Don Giovanni, she should have been screaming during the assault.If she was getting raped, why wasn’t she screaming, fighting, or trying to get away? You can’t conclude from the scene from the beginning of the show that she was raped. There is no possible way a counter argument of Donna Anna reacting to the rape would hold up in a court. In the end, Don Giovanna is innocent of the sexual accusation by Donna Anna. He may be a bad person, but he has a history of being able to get with women without really putting fourth effort. Just because he likes his women doesn’t mean he rapes them. Don Giovanna did not commit the sexual assault that he was accused of.

Hershey’s Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility means supporting and strengthening the communities we are a part of. XXX Ltd is committed to maintaining the highest standards of corporate social responsibility in our business activities and dealings with our external and internal customers and the public on a whole. We are guided by the highest of ethical standards in our business decisions and relationships with others by carefully guard our reputation for â€Å"honesty, integrity and trust†. Our business is committed to providing quality products and services for our customers, clients, and business partners who we will treat fairly and with respect. We believe in fair play. Our word is our bond. We respect the rights and dignity of every employee and treat them fairly and without discrimination. We are tolerant of each other’s differences regardless of their ethnicity. We believe in team work, the sharing of knowledge throughout our organization, and recognize the contribution of every team member. We will offer our employees clear and fair terms of employment and provide resources to enable their continued development. We promote our philosophy by providing a healthy and safe working environment conducive to the well-being of our staff, and fostering an atmosphere of cooperation and harmony in the workplace. XXX Ltd is committed being a good corporate citizen, mindful of our responsibility to give back to the community in which we live and operate our businesses. Successive leaders of our Company have built on this tradition and we encourage our employees to serve their community and country through individual effort and through our XXX Ltd Community Development Foundation, and other organizations. Through the Foundation we make contributions in the areas of education, health, community outreach and the environment through our flagship program â€Å"LEARNING NEVER STOP†. This program offers scholarships for GSAT students across the island and is a key feature of the company’s website in the XXX Ltd â€Å"LEARNING NEVER STOP† tab, which shows all our updates. We recognize that we have a responsibility to the communities and countries in which we operate and will ensure that, in all our activities, by contributing to the safety and protection of the environment. Our Labour Day project 2013 was a massive â€Å"clean up and beautification project† program in Spanish Town, round about where the company adapt (park ). The company also donated two hundred and fifty thousand dollars (250,000. 00) to three primary schools for renovation. The XXX staff donned red to show support the Heart Foundation of Jamaica’s annual â€Å"Wear Red Day†. Representatives from The Heart Foundation of Jamaica along with our loving caring staff educate people through issuing of pamphlets. The foundation wishes to get more women to become aware of their risk for heart disease and promoting a heart healthy lifestyle.

Winnipeg General Strike of 1919

Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 For six weeks in the summer of 1919 the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba was crippled by a massive and dramatic general strike. Frustrated by unemployment, inflation, poor working conditions and regional disparities after World War I, workers from both the private and public sectors joined forces to shut down or drastically reduce most services. The workers were orderly and peaceful, but the reaction from the employers, city council and the federal government was aggressive. The strike ended in Bloody Saturday when the Royal North-West Mounted Police attacked a gathering of strike supporters. Two strikers were killed, 30 wounded and many arrested. Workers won little in the strike, and it was another 20 years before collective bargaining was recognized in Canada. Causes of Winnipeg General Strike The immediate reasons for the building trades and metal workers going on strike were for better wages and working conditions, for recognition of their unions and for the principle of collective bargaining.The broad sweep of the strike, which involved many non-unionized workers, was partly due to frustrations from World War I. Years of sacrifices during the war and high expectations for its aftermath were met with high unemployment, an industrial downturn, and inflation.The tight labor market had led to an increase in unions.The success of the Russian Revolution in 1917 had led not only to an increase in socialist and labor ideas but also a fear of revolution on the part of those in authority. Beginning of Winnipeg General Strike On May 1, 1919, after months of labor negotiations building workers in Winnipeg, Manitoba went on strike.On May 2, metalworkers went on strike when the employers of the main metalwork factories in Winnipeg refused to negotiate with their union.The Winnipeg Trades and Labour Council (WTLC), the umbrella organization for local labor, called a general strike in sympathy on May 15. About 30,000 workers, both unionized and non-unionized, left their jobs.The Winnipeg general strike was coordinated by the Central Strike Committee with delegates from the unions affiliated with the WTLC. The strike was orderly, with workers avoiding providing any excuse to provoke military force. Essential services were maintained.The Citizens Committee of 1000, made up of manufacturers, bankers, and politicians, provided organized opposition to the strike. The Strike Heats Up The Citizens Committee ignored the strikers demands and with the assistance of local newspapers accused the strikers of Bolshevism, of being enemy aliens and of undermining British values.On May 22, the federal Minister of Labour, Senator Gideon Robertson, and the federal minister of the interior and acting minister of justice Arthur Meighen met with the Citizens Committee. They refused to meet with the Central Strike Committee.Within the week, federal government employees, provincial government employees, and municipal workers were ordered to return to work. An amendment to the Immigration Act was rushed through Parliament to allow the deportation of British-born strike leaders and the definition of sedition in the Criminal Code was expanded.On May 30, the Winnipeg police refused to sign a no-strike pledge. They were fired and an 1800-man force of Specials was hired to tame the strike. They were supplied with horses and baseball bats.On June 17, the strike leaders were arrested in l ate-night raids. The city council outlawed the regular demonstration marches, both pro and anti-strike, by veterans. Bloody Saturday On June 21, which came to be known as Bloody Saturday, strikers pushed over and set fire to a streetcar. The Royal North-West Mounted Police attacked the crowd of strike supporters gathered outside City Hall, killing two and injuring 30. The Specials followed the crowd as it dispersed through the streets, beating protesters with baseball bats and wagon spokes. The army also patrolled the streets with machine guns.Authorities shut down the strikers paper, the Western Labour News, and arrested its editors.On June 26, afraid of more violence, the strike leaders called off the strike. Results of Winnipeg General Strike The metalworkers went back to work without a pay increase.Some workers were jailed, some were deported, and thousands lost their jobs.Seven strike leaders were convicted of a conspiracy to overthrow the government and jailed for up to two years.In the 1920 Manitoba provincial election, 11 labor candidates won seats. Four of them were strike leaders.It was another 20 years before collective bargaining was recognized in Canada.Winnipegs economy went into a decline.Winnipeg remained divided between the Tory south end and the working class north.